China Produce Metal Precision Stamping Mold For Center Cap

The wheel hub is one of the important components in the driving system of a car, and it is also a security component with high requirements. Compared with steel car wheels, aluminum alloy car wheels have the following advantages:

① Lightweight, with a significant weight reduction effect, it can reduce the weight of steel car wheels by 30% to 40%;

② Good shock absorption performance, strong absorption of impact energy, can improve the driving performance of vehicles and enhance safety;

③ Good thermal conductivity, which can reduce the working temperature of tires and improve their service life

④ The appearance is beautiful, and the structure of aluminum alloy wheels produced by different processes can be diversified, which can well meet the aesthetic requirements of various users.

Car wheels are mainly composed of spokes and rims. The spoke is an important component that supports the vehicle between the wheel and the axle. The wheel hub can be divided into two types based on the structure of the spoke: spoke type wheel hub and spoke plate type wheel hub. The spokes of spoke type wheels are composed of many steel wire spokes, which can provide good ventilation and heat dissipation. However, they require a large quantity, are expensive, and are not easy to install and maintain. They are only suitable for high-end cars and racing cars. Spoke type wheels are usually composed of spoke plates, wheel rims, retaining rings, and valve holes. The spoke plate is a bracket or disc used to connect the wheel rim and mounting protrusions, also known as a spoke. It has a variety of quantities and forms, including five spoke, six spoke, seven spoke, etc. The wheel rim is a component that installs and supports the tire on the wheel hub, and the outer part of the wheel rim is the rim, which fits with the tire. The outer edge of the wheel rim is susceptible to external loads and often deforms after impact, even forming cracks that can lead to tire pressure leakage in automotive tires. The common structural forms of wheel rims include deep groove type, split type, flat bottom type, deep groove wide type, semi deep groove type, fully inclined bottom type, flat bottom wide type, integral type, detachable type, etc. The structural components of car wheels also include tire bead seats, tire hoppers, and wheel rims, which respectively serve to support the tire rim, provide axial support to the tire, and protect the tire rim from external damage.

There are various methods for forming automotive wheel hubs, including casting, welding, and forging, which can all be used for the manufacturing of automotive wheel hubs. The casting method for producing aluminum alloy wheels has advantages such as strong adaptability, diverse design varieties, and low production costs. It is also the most common method for producing wheels. Currently, casting accounts for more than 80% of aluminum wheels produced worldwide. Metal mold gravity casting method: Due to the fast cooling rate of the molten metal in the metal mold, the structure of the casting is denser than that of sand mold casting. This method has a simple process, low equipment investment, and low production costs, making it suitable for small and medium-sized production. However, the aluminum wheel hub produced by this method has a large machining allowance, poor internal quality, severe shrinkage and porosity. During the pouring process, inclusions such as oxide film and slag are easily drawn into the casting, and sometimes gas can also be drawn into it to form porosity defects. The metal mold low-pressure casting method uses dry and clean compressed air to smoothly press the metal liquid in the insulation furnace from bottom to top into the mold cavity of the casting machine through the lifting pipe and pouring system, maintaining a certain pressure of 20-60 kPa until the casting solidifies. Due to the filling and solidification of metal under pressure, it has good filling properties, less shrinkage of castings, and high density. The oxide film on the surface of the crucible will not be damaged, and there are fewer defects such as pores and slag inclusions.

At the same time, due to the use of pressure filling and replenishment, the pouring system is greatly simplified, and the utilization rate of metal liquid is greatly improved. However, the casting time of this method is longer, the time of feeding and replacing the mold is time-consuming, and the equipment investment is large. Pressure casting makes the liquid metal fill the cavity at a very high speed under high pressure, and solidify under pressure to obtain the casting. The castings produced by this process have dense structure, good mechanical properties, high strength and outer hardness, accurate size and smooth appearance. However, the biggest disadvantage of the aluminum wheel produced by the traditional die casting process is that it can not be further improved by heat treatment, because the liquid metal filling speed is very fast, the gas in the cavity is difficult to completely exclude, often in the form of pores in the casting.

The welding method is to roll the plate into a cylinder, after welding, it is simply processed or pressed into a wheel with a mold, and then the cast wheel is welded in advance, so as to produce the wheel hub, suitable for a variety of materials. Welding methods can be laser welding, electron beam welding, or both laser welding and plasma welding. It is necessary to use a special production line, high production efficiency, expensive initial investment, suitable for mass production, but the appearance is poor, and the welding is prone to welding quality problems.

The grain flow direction of automobile wheels produced by forging method is consistent with the direction of force, and its strength, toughness and fatigue strength are significantly better than that of casting wheels, and it has better damping performance and higher strength-to-weight ratio. At the same time, the performance is very reproducible, and almost every wheel has the same mechanical properties. In addition, the forged wheel has no porosity on the outside, so it has a good appearance processing ability. The biggest disadvantage of forged wheels is that there are many production processes and high production costs.

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