Basic Composition Of CNC Lathes

A CNC lathe is composed of a CNC device, bed, spindle box, tool holder feed system, tailstock, hydraulic system, cooling system, lubrication system, chip conveyor, and other parts.
CNC lathes are divided into two types: vertical CNC lathes and horizontal CNC lathes.
Vertical CNC lathes are used for turning large diameter disc parts.
Horizontal CNC lathes are used for turning long or small disc parts with axial dimensions.
Horizontal CNC lathes can be further divided into economic CNC lathes, ordinary CNC lathes, and turning machining centers based on their functions.
Economical CNC lathe: A simple CNC lathe formed by modifying the turning feed system of a regular lathe with a stepper motor and a microcontroller. The cost is relatively low, the degree of automation and functionality are relatively poor, and the turning accuracy is also not high. It is suitable for turning rotary parts with low requirements.
Ordinary CNC lathe: A CNC lathe that is specially designed in structure according to the requirements of turning processing and equipped with a universal CNC system. The CNC system has strong functions, high automation and machining accuracy, and is suitable for turning general rotary parts. This CNC lathe can simultaneously control two coordinate axes, namely the x-axis and z-axis.
turning center
Turning machining center: On the basis of ordinary CNC lathes, a C-axis and power head have been added. More advanced machine tools also have a tool magazine, which can control the X, Z, and C coordinate axes. The linkage control axes can be (X, Z), (X, C), or (Z, C). Due to the addition of the C-axis and milling power head, the machining function of this CNC lathe is greatly enhanced. In addition to general turning, it can also perform radial and axial milling, curved surface milling, drilling of holes with centerlines not in the center of rotation of the parts, and drilling of radial holes.
Hydraulic chuck and hydraulic tailstock
Hydraulic chuck is an important accessory for clamping workpieces during CNC turning, and ordinary hydraulic chuck can be used for general rotary parts; For parts that are not cylindrical in shape, special chucks are required; Spring chucks are required when directly processing parts with bar stock. For parts with a large ratio of axial and radial dimensions, it is necessary to use a movable center installed on the hydraulic tailstock to support the tail end of the parts in order to ensure correct machining of the parts. There are regular hydraulic tailstock and programmable hydraulic tailstock.