CNC Lathe Structure And Code

The CNC lathe program can be divided into three parts: program start, program content, and program end.
Program Start Section
Mainly define the program number, call up the part machining coordinate system, machining tools, start the spindle, open the coolant, and other related contents. The maximum speed limit of the spindle is defined as G50 S2000. Setting the maximum speed of the spindle to 2000 RPM is a very important instruction for CNC lathes.
Unless otherwise specified, the CNC system defaults to the G54 coordinate system.
To avoid collision or interference between the tool holder and the workpiece or fixture during the tool change process, an effective method is for the machine to return to the reference point G28 U0 in the X-axis direction and leave the spindle for a safe distance.
Tool definition G0 T0808 M8, automatically adjust the number 8 left offset tool number 8 for compensation, and turn on the coolant.
The spindle speed is defined as G96 S150 M4, and the constant linear speed S function is defined. The S function enables the spindle speed command function of a CNC lathe, which can be expressed in two ways. One is to use r/min or rpm as the measurement unit. The other is measured in m/min. The S code of a CNC lathe must be used in conjunction with G96 or G97 to set the spindle speed or cutting speed.
G97: Speed command, defining and setting the speed per minute.
G96: Constant linear speed command, making the cutting speed at any position on the workpiece the same.
Program Content Section
The program content is the main part of the entire program, consisting of multiple program segments. Each program segment consists of several words, each word in turn consists of an address code and several numbers. The common program segments are composed of G command and M command, as well as the coordinate points of each axis, and the function definition of feed rate has been added.
The F function refers to the function of feed rate. There are two ways to express the feed rate of CNC lathes. One is the feed rate per revolution, which is expressed in mm/r units and is mainly used for machining feed. Another method, similar to CNC milling machines, uses the feed rate per minute, which is expressed in mm/min. Mainly used for feeding in milling machining in turning and milling machining centers.
End of program
At the end of the program, it is necessary to return the tool holder to the reference point or machine tool reference point, which is the safe position for the next tool change. At the same time, the spindle should be stopped, the coolant should be turned off, and the program should choose to stop or end the program.
The reference point instruction G28U0 is the machine reference point in the X-axis direction, and G0 Z300.0 is the reference point in the Z-axis direction.
The stop command M01 is a selection stop command that is only effective when the device's selection stop switch is turned on; M30 is the program end command. When executed, the coolant, feed, and spindle all stop. Reset the CNC program and equipment to their original state before processing, in preparation for the next program run and the restart of CNC machining.