Programming Skills for CNC Lathe

The development of science and technology has led to the acceleration of product updates and the diversification of people's needs, and the production of products has also tended to be diversified in types and small to medium-sized batches. In order to adapt to this change, the role of numerical control (NC) equipment in enterprises is becoming increasingly important. As a national key vocational school, in order to comply with the trend of the times and focus on building a CNC major, our school has purchased the BIEJING-FANUC Power Mate O CNC lathe. Compared with ordinary lathes, one significant advantage of it is its strong adaptability to changes in parts. Replacing parts only requires changing the corresponding program and making simple adjustments to the cutting tools to produce qualified parts, winning the opportunity to save costs. However, to fully leverage the role of CNC machine tools, it is not only necessary to have good hardware (such as high-quality cutting tools, machine tool accuracy, etc.), but also more importantly, software: programming, that is, to develop reasonable and efficient machining programs based on the characteristics of different parts. Through years of programming practice and teaching, I have developed some programming skills.
Although CNC lathes have superior processing flexibility compared to ordinary lathes, there is still a certain gap in the production efficiency of a certain type of part compared to ordinary lathes. Therefore, improving the efficiency of CNC lathes has become the key, and the rational use of programming skills and the development of efficient machining programs often have unexpected effects on improving the efficiency of machine tools.
1. Flexible setting of reference points
The BIEJING-FANUC Power Mate O CNC lathe has two axes, namely the spindle Z and the tool axis X. The center of the bar material is the origin of the coordinate system, and when each knife approaches the bar material, the coordinate value decreases, which is called feed; On the contrary, increasing the coordinate value is called tool retraction. When the tool returns to its starting position, the tool stops and this position is called the reference point. Reference point is a very important concept in programming, and every time an automatic cycle is executed, the tool must return to this position to prepare for the next cycle. Therefore, before executing the program, it is necessary to adjust the actual position of the tool and spindle to match the coordinate values. However, the actual position of the reference point is not fixed and unchanging. Programmers can adjust the position of the reference point based on the diameter of the part, the type and quantity of tools used, and shorten the idle travel of the tools. Thus improving efficiency.
2. Zero to whole method
In low-voltage electrical appliances, there are a large number of short pin shaft parts with a aspect ratio of approximately 2-3 and a diameter mostly below 3mm. Due to the small geometric dimensions of the parts, ordinary instrument lathes are difficult to clamp and cannot guarantee quality. If programming is carried out according to conventional methods and only one part is processed in each cycle, due to the short axial size, the spindle slider of the machine tool frequently reciprocates locally on the bed guide rail, and the spring clamp clamping mechanism operates frequently. After working for a long time, it can cause excessive wear on the machine tool guide rails, affecting the machining accuracy of the machine tool, and in severe cases, even causing the machine tool to be scrapped. The frequent action of the spring clamp clamping mechanism can lead to damage to the control electrical equipment. To solve the above problems, it is necessary to increase the feed length of the spindle and the action interval of the spring clamp clamping mechanism, while not reducing productivity. Based on this assumption, can it be possible to process multiple parts in one machining cycle, and the length of the spindle feed is a single piece